©Danilo Lima, Agripalm Ambiental
The RRC database contains a wide variety of resources and publications related to ecological restoration, and we are actively working to expand this collection. It is our aim to serve as the principal clearinghouse for information and tools to support the work of researchers, practitioners, land managers, educators, students, and anyone else interested in restoration. Use the filter tool below to search the database by title, author, resource type, keyword, or any combination of these factors.
Although SER does review all entries in the database for relevance and quality, these resources have not been rigorously reviewed or extensively vetted in every case, and SER therefore makes no claim as to their accuracy or accordance with generally accepted principles in the field. The database is provided as a resource for visitors to the SER website, and it is ultimately left to the individual user to make their own determinations about the quality and veracity of a given publication or resource.
If there is a resource we missed, please let us know! We are interested in current books, articles, technical documents, videos, and other resources that are directly relevant to ecological restoration science, practice or policy, as well as resources treating the social, cultural and economic dimensions of restoration.
Guidelines for Subspecific Substitutions in Wildlife Restoration Projects
Abstract:In some cases, however, a subspecies may have become extinct in the wild and in captivity. A substitute form may then be chosen for possible release. Such substitutions are actually a form of benign introduction. Considerations include assessment of the value of a substitution project and the selection of a suit-able substitute. Species substitutions increase biodiversity, conserve related forms, improve public awareness of conservation issues, educate the public, and may be implemented for aesthetic or economic reasons. Selection of a suitable substitute should focus on extant subspecies and consider genetic relatedness, phenotype, ecological compatibility, and conservation value of potential candidates. An example of a substitution project is the reintroduction of the North African Red-necked Ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) into areas once occupied by the now extinct Arabian Ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus). S. c. camelus was chosen as a substitute because of its geographic proximity, phenotypic similarity, and conservation value. The World Conservation Union’s reintroduction guidelines should be consulted before a project is begun.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and restoration
Abstract:Here we report the findings of simulations that examine different regional management strategies, focusing on habitat selection. We find that nonrandom restoration practices
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Lake restoration: Capabilities and needs
Abstract:Lake degradation results from excessive nutrient inputs, toxic substances, habitat loss, overfishing, species invasions and extirpations. The scientific basis of lake degradation is generally well understood, although each restoration project requires some level of new site-specific research. Remediation may require management actions which are difficult to implement for social or institutional reasons. Even where large-scale remediations are attempted, it is difficult to sustain scientific assessments for long enough to evaluate success. Collaborations of scientists and managers have sometimes succeeded in overcoming limitations to lake restoration, and produced important advances in our capability to restore lakes.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Restoration, Creation, and Recovery of Wetlands
Abstract:In the past, people used wetland plants and animals for shelter and food. More recently, people have become more aware of other benefits that wetlands provide water-quality improvement, flood attenuation, esthetics, and recreational opportunities. Now, it is recognized that numerous losses are incurred when a wetland is damaged or destroyed. Restoration and creation can help maintain the benefits of wetlands and their surrounding ecosystems, and at the same time accommodate the human need for development.
Resource Type:White PaperPublication Date: 1999
Protocols for Restoration Based on Recruitment Dynamics, Community Structure, and Ecosystem Function: Perspectives from South African Fynbos
Abstract:We postulate that by adopting an approach in which an understanding of community and ecosystem dynamics is applied to restoration practices, protocols can be developed which will lead to more efficient restoration. This understanding is based on a review of the relevant ecological literature, focusing on recruitment dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function, which are particularly relevant to restoration. We develop a conceptual framework for restoration and apply our protocols to a case study area on the Cape Peninsula.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Reciprocal model for meeting ecological and human needs in restoration projects
Abstract:We examine ways commitment to restoration could be increased by developing beneficial relationships between humans and the natural environment in the context of restoration. We propose a model that shows that the ecological needs of the restoration area have the greatest potential to be met when human contributions are greatest.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Reciprocal Model for Meeting Ecological and Human Needs in Restoration Projects
Abstract:We propose a model that shows that the ecological needs of the restoration area have the greatest potential to be met when human contributions are greatest. In turn, humans benefit increasingly as the restored ecosystem recovers. As human needs are addressed over time, their potential contributions to the restoration area increase. The extent to which contributions meet needs is enhanced or constrained by factors ranging from available technology and funding to community support. This ongoing loop of interactions between needs and contributions provides a basis for restoration planning and implementation which potentially reduces both ecological and human roadblocks to success. The model suggests that community- based projects will be most successful when experts train the group in restoration decision making, when expertise and leadership are developed within the group, and when participants experience group cohesiveness and a sense of personal reward.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems: An overview
Abstract:The concept and goals of mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation are considered and contrasted with ideas of ecosystem restoration. Three reasons for mangrove rehabilitation: conservation and landscaping; multiple use systems for high sustainable yield and protection of coastal areas, are then examined in detail. In each case, the underlying philosophy and limitations are presented. The practical problems of site selection for mangrove planting and techniques for regenerating mangroves are then considered.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Restoration and Rehabilitation of Mixed Espinales in Central Chile: 10-Year Report and Appraisal
Abstract:A synthesis of progress achieved thus far is provided for a 10 – year research and development program aimed at the ecological and economic rehabilitation of agro-ecosystems in the un- irrigated portions of the central valley of Chile’s Mediterranean climate region. We review our data on (1) revised management techniques aimed at restoring the gross superstructure and former levels of diversity and productivity of a mixed espinales formation; (2) selection and utilization of ecotypes of the naturalized annual Medicago polymorpha L. and the N2-fixing microsymbiont Rhizobium meliloti, for gradual improvement of espinal soil fertility; and (3) studies of the outstandingly well adapted and fast growing Canary Island tree Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. fil.) Link ssp. palmensis (Christ) Kunkel (Tagasaste), which along with about three dozen other woody nitrogen – fixing legume and several nonlegume multipurpose trees, was considered to be of potential value for deep soil layer rehabilitation combined with economic improvements.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Restoration of Tropical Moist Forests on Bauxite-Mined Lands in the Brazilian Amazon
Abstract:We evaluated forest structure and composition in 9- to 13-year-old stands established on a bauxite-mined site at Trombetas (Para_), Brazil, using four different reforestation techniques following initial site preparation and topsoil replacement. These techniques included reliance on natural forest regeneration, mixed commercial species plantings of mostly exotic timber trees, direct seeding with mostly native early successional tree species, and mixed native species plantings of more than 70 tree species (the current operational restoration treatment at this site). Of these, the mixed native species plantings appeared to be at least risk of arrested succession due to the dominance of a broader range of tree species of different successional stages or expected life spans. In all treatments, several locally important families of primary forest trees (Annonaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Palmae and Sapotaceae) were markedly underrepresented due to a combination of poor survival of initial plantings and limitations on seed dispersal from the surrounding primary forest.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Adaptive Management
Abstract:Here, we trace and review the development of AM, the central roles of consultation, collaboration and of monitoring, and of quantitative models and simulations. We identify a series of formalized, structured steps included in one AM cycle and review how current AM programs build upon such cycles. We conclude that the best AM outcomes require rigorous and formalized approaches to planning, collaboration, modelling and evaluation. Finally, simulating potential outcomes of an AM cycle in the presence of existing uncertainty can help to identify management strategies that are most likely to succeed in relation to clearly articulated goals.
Resource Type:BookPublication Date: 1999
An International Perspective on Wetland Rehabilitation
Abstract:Authors ranging from private landowners to government managers to scientists present regional overviews, case studies, and discussions of various issues. Regional overviews cover areas as small as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to areas as large as Australia and Africa. Case studies range from relatively small projects, such as rehabilitation of damage caused by wheel ruts in the high arctic, to much larger projects, such as attempts to rehabilitate thousands of hectares of Northern Territory wetlands in Australia.
Resource Type:BookPublication Date: 1999
Remediation and Management of Degraded Lands
Abstract:This collection reviews the extent of resource debasement and offers solutions for their restoration. The 14-part first section deals with mine management and rehabilitation. Topics include the devastating results of open-cut mining, open-pit mining, lignite surface mining and acid mining. Despite such ruin, the articles reveal the possibilities for reclamation. Part two devotes nine chapters to the management of derelict lands. Reforestation, soil fertility prognosis, and the uses of nitrogen are just a few of the covered subjects. This portion of the book pays special attention to the successful results of remediation in China and Hong Kong. The final division addresses soil contamination and reclamation.
Resource Type:BookPublication Date: 1999
Repairing Damaged Wildlands: A Process-Orientated, Landscape-Scale Approach
Abstract:The interesting approach to ecological restoration described in this book will appeal to anyone interested in improving the ecological conditions, biological diversity, or productivity of damaged wildlands. Using sound ecological principles, the author describes how these ecosystems are stabilised and directed toward realistic management objectives using natural recovery processes rather than expensive subsidies. An initial emphasis on repairing water and nutrient cycles, and increasing energy capture, will initiate and direct positive feedback repair systems that drive continuing autogenic recovery. This strategy is most appropriate where land use goals call for low-input, sustainable vegetation managed for biological diversity, livestock production, timber production, wildlife habitat, watershed management, or ecosystem services. Providing a comprehensive strategy for the ecological restoration of any wildland ecosystem, this is an invaluable resource for professionals working in the fields of ecological restoration, conservation biology and rangeland management.
Resource Type:BookPublication Date: 1999
The Lowland Grassland Management Handbook
Abstract:This second edition includes new sections on managing grassland habitats for particular groups of species: rare vascular plants; lower plants; and reptiles and amphibians. We have added to the special cases chapter by incorporating a section on grasslands in wood pasture and parklands with veteran trees; and we have also added a chapter on monitoring grasslands. A further new chapter explores the agricultural perspective of lowland grassland – particularly relevant in view of the economic pressures on sheep and beef farmers and the growing support for less intensive systems of production. Although creation can never be a substitute for retaining our existing unimproved grasslands, new areas can bring many benefits to both people and wildlife. ln recognition of that fact, a chapter on grassland creation has been added.
Resource Type:BookPublication Date: 1999
Should river restoration be based on classification schemes or process models? Insights from the history of geomorphology
Abstract:River restoration design requires the application of fluvial geomorphic concepts, and should be expected to apply the techniques concurrent with contemporary thinking and research. Through a brief review of the history of geomorphology over the past century, striking parallels between geomorphic research and river restoration practice become apparent. We suggest that dependence on, or requirement of, a specific design
approach — certainly one based on historical geomorphology — precludes the ability of river
restoration to develop as has geomorphology.
Publication Date: 1999
Assessing the Success of Restoration Plantings in a Temperate New Zealand Forest
Abstract:The success of restoration plantings in restoring indigenous forest vascular plant and ground invertebrate biodiversity was assessed on previously grass-covered sites in the eastern South Island, New Zealand. The composition and structure of grassland, three different aged restoration plantings (12, 30, and 35 years old), a naturally regenerating forest (100 years old), and a remnant of the original old-growth forest of the area were measured. The strong correlations between plant and invertebrate community composition and study-site suggest that the restoration site plant and invertebrate communities are undergoing change in the direction of the naturally regenerating and mature forest communities. Without restoration, colonization of grassland by forest plants is very slow in the study area and the restoration plantings studied here have been successful because they have considerably accelerated the return to forest at these sites.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Creative Ecology: Restoration of Native Forests by Native Trees
Abstract:Ecological devastation is becoming a serious problem locally to globally, in proportion as people seek affluent living circumstances. Environmental devastation originated mainly from nature exploitation and construction of cities and industrial institutions with non-biological materials. Humans have ignored the rules of nature, biodiversity and coexistence. One of the best measures we can take anywhere, in order to restore ecosystems indigenous to each region and to maintain global environments, including disaster prevention and C02 absorption, is to restore native, multi-stratal forests following an ecological method. I would like to refer to the experimental reforestation projects based on ecological studies and their results at about 550 Iocations throughout Japan and in Southeast Asia, South America, and China. We have proved that it is possible to restore quasi-natural multi-stratal forest ecosystems in 20 to 30 years if we take the ecological method.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Ecological Genetics and the Restoration of Plant Communities: Mix or Match?
Abstract:We present a conceptual framework for choosing native plant material to be used in restoration projects on the basis of ecological genetics. We evaluate both the likelihood of rapid establishment of plants and the probability of long-term persistence of restored or later successional communities. In addition, we consider the possible harmful effects of restoration projects on nearby ecosystems and their native resident populations. Two attributes of the site to be restored play an important role in determining which genetic source will be most appropriate: (1) degree of disturbance and (2) size of the disturbance. Local plants or plants from environments that “match” the habitat to be restored are best suited to restore sites where degree of disturbance has been low. Hybrids or “mixtures” of genotypes from different sources may provide the best strategy for restoring highly disturbed sites to which local plants are not adapted. Cultivars that have been modified by intentional or inadvertent selection have serious drawbacks. Nevertheless, cultivars may be appropriate when the goal is rapid recovery of small sites that are highly disturbed.
Resource Type:Peer-reviewed ArticlePublication Date: 1999
Imperata Grassland Rehabilitation using Agroforestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration
Abstract:This manual is written to benefit people who live in an environment dominated by Imperata and who want to replace grasslands with agroforestry and forests. The techniques covered in this manual are most useful for medium-sized grasslands, confined to one village or community. The manual’s content and format is designed for extensionists, agriculturists, foresters, development workers, and others who can assist communities and smallholders to design and implement Imperata rehabilitation activities.
Resource Type:Technical DocumentPublication Date: 1999
Oyster Reef Habitat Restoration: A Synopsis and Synthesis of Approaches
Abstract:This volume brings together contributions from fisheries managers and research scientists in an attempt to develop a common information base and a convergence of objectives and approaches towards oyster fisheries enhancement and reef habitat restoration. The 24 chapters in this volume review the historical distribution and morphology of unexploited oyster reefs, current fisheries enhancement efforts, some of the ecological benefits of oyster reefs, as well as ideas for new approaches towards restoring reefs and sustaining their associated fisheries.
Resource Type:Technical DocumentPublication Date: 1999
Revegetation of Mined Land in the Wet-Dry Tropics of Northern Australia: A Review
Abstract:This review aims to assist the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee (ARRTC) in determining whether current practices and plans for revegetation at Ranger mine and elsewhere in the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) are appropriate, and to establish research priorities in this region. The majority of information regarding revegetation in the wet-dry tropics (WDT) of northern Australia pertains to Ranger mine.
Resource Type:Technical DocumentPublication Date: 1999
European Wet Grassland: Guidelines for Management and Restoration
Abstract:Takes a Northern and Central European overview of the importance of wet grassland to both wildlife and people, and concentrates on the practical aspects of management and rehabilitation. The guidelines largely comprise case studies from the region and aim to: share practical management and restoration experience; present alternative management and restoration options; and describe the functions of wet grassland, e.g., flood storage and nutrient removal.
Resource Type:Technical DocumentPublication Date: 1999
A framework for conducting effectiveness evaluations of watershed restoration projects
Abstract:The purpose of a ‘framework for conducting effectiveness evaluations’ is to assist
people in developing watershed restoration evaluation plans for roads, gullies,
landslides, riparian areas and streams. Well designed and properly implemented
evaluations are a prerequisite to determining the success or failure of watershed
restoration.
Publication Date: 1999
Forest Rehabilitation Policy and Practice in Vietnam
Abstract:The material presented in this report was used to inform the regional overview study, and has been updated and expanded to form the basis of broadening discussions within Vietnam. It is hoped that the material will assist the many interested groups and individuals in Vietnam to develop a greater understanding of the issues of forest degradation and loss, and the urgent need for the development and implementation of ecologically and socio-economically sound forest related policies and practices.
Resource Type:White PaperPublication Date: 1999
Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas
Abstract:These guidelines set out the various actions needed to make an effective MPA, from the early planning stages to implementation. However, they do not deal in detail with every operational aspect of the day-to-day management of MPAs. Nor, for reasons of length, do they provide guidance on integrated coastal management, even though that is the broader context within which MPAs should be managed. We want these guidelines to be useful to natural resource managers at all levels, whether working on conservation of nature or sustainable use of marine resources. They therefore contain material of help to policy-makers, planners and field managers.
Resource Type:White PaperPublication Date: 1999
Environmental Guidelines for Mining Operations
Abstract:These guidelines present recent examples of sound environmental management practices and regulations from various mining countries worldwide and are designed to assist government and industry, from both developing and developed countries, encourage sustainable mining practices. They encompass a variety of tools and systems, including environmental impact assessment (EIAs), environmental management systems and programmes, environmental monitoring programmes, environmental auditing and enforcement. The material presented in these Guidelines consists of recent examples of environmental management practices and regulations from various mining countries around the world.
Resource Type:Technical DocumentPublication Date: 1998
Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and Adjacent Waters
Abstract:Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and A4acent Waters was developed by Mark Fonseca of NOAA’s Beaufort Laboratory, along with Jud Kenworthy and Gordon Thayer, with hnding &om NOAA’s Coastal Ocean Program. The document presents an overview of the current state of seagrass conservation and restoration in the United States, discusses important issues that should be addressed in planning seagrass restoration projects, describes different planting methodologies, proposes monitoring criteria and means for evaluating success, and discusses issues faced by resource managers.
Resource Type:Technical DocumentPublication Date: 1998
Guidelines for Re-Introductions
Abstract:This is a comprehensive set of policy guidelines that ensure that the re-introductions effectively achieve their intended conservation benefit, and do not cause unfavorable environmental side- effects. These guidelines were approved by the 41st Meeting of IUCN Council in May 1995.
Resource Type:White PaperPublication Date: 1998
Restoring Prairie Wetlands: An Ecological Approach
Abstract:Wetland restorations are an important part of natural resource conservation in the Midwest. However, many wetland restorations have had significant problems, from lack of flooding to poor revegetation. This book is a guide to restoring wetlands in the southern portion of the prairie pothole region, covering Iowa, Minnesota, and South Dakota. Criteria for selecting suitable restoration sites, designing restorations, and evaluating restorations are presented here. The book also provides information on plants, animals, soils, and hydrology of prairie potholes.
Resource Type:BookPublication Date: 1998