Authors:
Holmgren, M. and M. Scheffer
Publication Date:
2001
Abstract/Summary:
In this paper, we briefly review evidence for the idea that different states in these ecosystems might represent alternative equilibria and present a graphic model that summarizes the implications for their response to changing environmental conditions. We show how, in the light of this theoretical framework, climatic oscillations such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) could be used in combination with grazer control to restore degraded arid ecosystems. We also present evidence that, depending on grazing pressure, ENSO episodes can trigger structural and long-lasting changes in these ecosystems.
Resource Type:
Peer-reviewed Article
Source:
Ecosystems
Link:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s100210000065